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	<title>Comments on: Who will lend us a few billions to tide us over this week?</title>
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		<title>By: Paul</title>
		<link>http://johnredwoodsdiary.com/2009/08/20/who-will-lend-us-a-few-billions-to-tide-us-over-this-week/#comment-21201</link>
		<dc:creator>Paul</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 22 Aug 2009 17:48:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.johnredwoodsdiary.com/?p=4315#comment-21201</guid>
		<description>Leftie blindness. It&#039;s quite funny.

There&#039;s always some comment about inflation, unemployment or interest rates ; usually mixed with quite visceral hatred of Margaret Thatcher (to a degree that I consider potential mental illness - it&#039;s far worse than the comments here about Brown).

Then you start talking about Healey, Callaghan, the IMF, the Winter of Discontent and it either (i) goes very quiet or (ii) gets the response &#039;that&#039;s ages ago&#039;. Yeah, like the year before Mrs T took office.

I rather liked the &#039;Domesday book&#039; idea. Publish the accounts, with all the hidden debts, on day one of a Conservative Administration - using some of these analogies here to get across to the stupid innumerate Labour voters quite how bad things are.

I think they think it&#039;s some kind of &quot;minor blip&quot; and when the recession eases everything will be hunky dory again.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Leftie blindness. It&#8217;s quite funny.</p>
<p>There&#8217;s always some comment about inflation, unemployment or interest rates ; usually mixed with quite visceral hatred of Margaret Thatcher (to a degree that I consider potential mental illness &#8211; it&#8217;s far worse than the comments here about Brown).</p>
<p>Then you start talking about Healey, Callaghan, the IMF, the Winter of Discontent and it either (i) goes very quiet or (ii) gets the response &#8216;that&#8217;s ages ago&#8217;. Yeah, like the year before Mrs T took office.</p>
<p>I rather liked the &#8216;Domesday book&#8217; idea. Publish the accounts, with all the hidden debts, on day one of a Conservative Administration &#8211; using some of these analogies here to get across to the stupid innumerate Labour voters quite how bad things are.</p>
<p>I think they think it&#8217;s some kind of &#8220;minor blip&#8221; and when the recession eases everything will be hunky dory again.</p>
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		<title>By: APL</title>
		<link>http://johnredwoodsdiary.com/2009/08/20/who-will-lend-us-a-few-billions-to-tide-us-over-this-week/#comment-21200</link>
		<dc:creator>APL</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 22 Aug 2009 11:33:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.johnredwoodsdiary.com/?p=4315#comment-21200</guid>
		<description>Doug: &quot;Don’t you think APL, that throwing money from helicopters (i.e. a *prolonged* period of quantitative easing), with provision to feed money to the commercial banks, can solve a contraction in credit?&quot;

You would think so, wouldn&#039;t you. BUT ask yourself, where is the money is going? If as you suggest the government were showering cash into the broad economy, for example handing it out in the market square or the town center then yes, you might expect to see inflation. Because as the quantity of money in circulation increased dramatically the value would fall in proportion.

Well, that is not what is happening, at least not yet. The government has used the gatekeepers of the economy - the banks - to distribute its largess, but they are in no fit state to distribute the cash, they are hording it or parking it at the Bank of England. The banks know two things.

1. Many if not all other banks are in a similar condition. There is much still on their books that if marked to the market price would instantly destroy the banks. By the way, this does not just apply to UK banks, but European banks too.

2. The consumer has already maximum credit and while he/she might like more credit, in the face of falling demand and increasing joblessness is starting to take another look at his/her credit situation. The banks are trying to use the consumer to restore their finances.

So, while there may be an appetite for credit, there isn&#039;t the capacity for credit.

If point one is correct, potentially we have the prospect of another round of de-leveraging (credit contraction) ahead of us.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Doug: &#8220;Don’t you think APL, that throwing money from helicopters (i.e. a *prolonged* period of quantitative easing), with provision to feed money to the commercial banks, can solve a contraction in credit?&#8221;</p>
<p>You would think so, wouldn&#8217;t you. BUT ask yourself, where is the money is going? If as you suggest the government were showering cash into the broad economy, for example handing it out in the market square or the town center then yes, you might expect to see inflation. Because as the quantity of money in circulation increased dramatically the value would fall in proportion.</p>
<p>Well, that is not what is happening, at least not yet. The government has used the gatekeepers of the economy &#8211; the banks &#8211; to distribute its largess, but they are in no fit state to distribute the cash, they are hording it or parking it at the Bank of England. The banks know two things.</p>
<p>1. Many if not all other banks are in a similar condition. There is much still on their books that if marked to the market price would instantly destroy the banks. By the way, this does not just apply to UK banks, but European banks too.</p>
<p>2. The consumer has already maximum credit and while he/she might like more credit, in the face of falling demand and increasing joblessness is starting to take another look at his/her credit situation. The banks are trying to use the consumer to restore their finances.</p>
<p>So, while there may be an appetite for credit, there isn&#8217;t the capacity for credit.</p>
<p>If point one is correct, potentially we have the prospect of another round of de-leveraging (credit contraction) ahead of us.</p>
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		<title>By: Doug</title>
		<link>http://johnredwoodsdiary.com/2009/08/20/who-will-lend-us-a-few-billions-to-tide-us-over-this-week/#comment-21199</link>
		<dc:creator>Doug</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2009 18:12:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.johnredwoodsdiary.com/?p=4315#comment-21199</guid>
		<description>&quot;It is outside the ability of the government to control&quot;

Certainly this is consistent with the Japanese experience, but Japan&#039;s population growth rate is very low. This, I believe, has exacerbated their domestic deflation and won&#039;t be the case in the UK.

Don&#039;t you think APL, that throwing money from helicopters (i.e. a *prolonged* period of quantitative easing), with provision to feed money to the commercial banks, can solve a contraction in credit?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;It is outside the ability of the government to control&#8221;</p>
<p>Certainly this is consistent with the Japanese experience, but Japan&#8217;s population growth rate is very low. This, I believe, has exacerbated their domestic deflation and won&#8217;t be the case in the UK.</p>
<p>Don&#8217;t you think APL, that throwing money from helicopters (i.e. a *prolonged* period of quantitative easing), with provision to feed money to the commercial banks, can solve a contraction in credit?</p>
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		<title>By: Doug</title>
		<link>http://johnredwoodsdiary.com/2009/08/20/who-will-lend-us-a-few-billions-to-tide-us-over-this-week/#comment-21198</link>
		<dc:creator>Doug</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2009 14:41:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.johnredwoodsdiary.com/?p=4315#comment-21198</guid>
		<description>I agree about inflationary pressures Stuart - when VAT is restored to 17.5% (20% anyone?) inflation will get a boost too.

I think the incoming government will have to choose between, as you say, allowing inflation to get a grip OR taking measures to reduce the country&#039;s indebtedness through deep cuts in public spending.

With an economy overwhelmed with (public sector + bank bailout) debt, inflation is by far the most painless way to reduce the real value of the debt. The other way involves large scale job losses in the public sector, leading, short-term, to deepening recession. For the long term good of the economy, this is what should happen. I don&#039;t think politicians have the nerve for it though.

The fact that inflation will hurt pensioners and people who have been responsible enough to save money won&#039;t cut any mustard with governments. Pensioners and responsible savers don&#039;t riot in the streets. Governments (with the exception of Mrs Thatcher&#039;s) generally take the path of least resistance. In this case, I think they&#039;ll choose inflation.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I agree about inflationary pressures Stuart &#8211; when VAT is restored to 17.5% (20% anyone?) inflation will get a boost too.</p>
<p>I think the incoming government will have to choose between, as you say, allowing inflation to get a grip OR taking measures to reduce the country&#8217;s indebtedness through deep cuts in public spending.</p>
<p>With an economy overwhelmed with (public sector + bank bailout) debt, inflation is by far the most painless way to reduce the real value of the debt. The other way involves large scale job losses in the public sector, leading, short-term, to deepening recession. For the long term good of the economy, this is what should happen. I don&#8217;t think politicians have the nerve for it though.</p>
<p>The fact that inflation will hurt pensioners and people who have been responsible enough to save money won&#8217;t cut any mustard with governments. Pensioners and responsible savers don&#8217;t riot in the streets. Governments (with the exception of Mrs Thatcher&#8217;s) generally take the path of least resistance. In this case, I think they&#8217;ll choose inflation.</p>
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		<title>By: APL</title>
		<link>http://johnredwoodsdiary.com/2009/08/20/who-will-lend-us-a-few-billions-to-tide-us-over-this-week/#comment-21197</link>
		<dc:creator>APL</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2009 14:29:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.johnredwoodsdiary.com/?p=4315#comment-21197</guid>
		<description>Deflation is not simply, indeed not even, falling prices. Inflation is always caused by the increase in the money supply and is always a product of government action. Deflation in a fiat economy is the contraction of money AND credit.

What we are seeing is a contraction in credit on an extraordinary scale. It is outside the ability of the government to control, we may well get inflation in the future, how far into the future is difficult to say because we do not really know how much deflation there is yet to go.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Deflation is not simply, indeed not even, falling prices. Inflation is always caused by the increase in the money supply and is always a product of government action. Deflation in a fiat economy is the contraction of money AND credit.</p>
<p>What we are seeing is a contraction in credit on an extraordinary scale. It is outside the ability of the government to control, we may well get inflation in the future, how far into the future is difficult to say because we do not really know how much deflation there is yet to go.</p>
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		<title>By: StevenL</title>
		<link>http://johnredwoodsdiary.com/2009/08/20/who-will-lend-us-a-few-billions-to-tide-us-over-this-week/#comment-21196</link>
		<dc:creator>StevenL</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2009 14:16:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.johnredwoodsdiary.com/?p=4315#comment-21196</guid>
		<description>I think that a lot of people are expecting an inflationary outcome, but I&#039;m sceptical over whether we will see a return to traditional price/wage inflation, for the following reasons:

1) There is a lot of spare capacity in the global economy and most goods are imported.
2) Many big employers have weak balance sheets and will struggle with working capital.
3) Trade unions are very weak.
4) Commodities are all priced in $ not £.

I think it is more likely that we will see inflation in asset prices (including commdities which are nearly all packaged as financial assets these days) but also a fall in the general standard of living as wages fail to keep up.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think that a lot of people are expecting an inflationary outcome, but I&#8217;m sceptical over whether we will see a return to traditional price/wage inflation, for the following reasons:</p>
<p>1) There is a lot of spare capacity in the global economy and most goods are imported.<br />
2) Many big employers have weak balance sheets and will struggle with working capital.<br />
3) Trade unions are very weak.<br />
4) Commodities are all priced in $ not £.</p>
<p>I think it is more likely that we will see inflation in asset prices (including commdities which are nearly all packaged as financial assets these days) but also a fall in the general standard of living as wages fail to keep up.</p>
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		<title>By: APL</title>
		<link>http://johnredwoodsdiary.com/2009/08/20/who-will-lend-us-a-few-billions-to-tide-us-over-this-week/#comment-21195</link>
		<dc:creator>APL</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2009 14:14:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.johnredwoodsdiary.com/?p=4315#comment-21195</guid>
		<description>Martin: &quot;My solution is to have differential tax rates for Public vs Private sector workers.&quot;

Public sector employees don&#039;t pay tax. The government pretends to give pse employees money over and above take home, then pretends to take it back again. That book keeping entry is called tax and national insurance.

Martin: &quot;in return for generous pensions and safe jobs that the tax take has to be higher.&quot;

Too late. No generous pensions and especially no safe jobs.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Martin: &#8220;My solution is to have differential tax rates for Public vs Private sector workers.&#8221;</p>
<p>Public sector employees don&#8217;t pay tax. The government pretends to give pse employees money over and above take home, then pretends to take it back again. That book keeping entry is called tax and national insurance.</p>
<p>Martin: &#8220;in return for generous pensions and safe jobs that the tax take has to be higher.&#8221;</p>
<p>Too late. No generous pensions and especially no safe jobs.</p>
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		<title>By: Stuart Fairney</title>
		<link>http://johnredwoodsdiary.com/2009/08/20/who-will-lend-us-a-few-billions-to-tide-us-over-this-week/#comment-21194</link>
		<dc:creator>Stuart Fairney</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2009 13:14:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.johnredwoodsdiary.com/?p=4315#comment-21194</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m not at all sure an incoming tory government will have much choice, the inflationary pressures are here today and will in 12-18 months really get a grip.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m not at all sure an incoming tory government will have much choice, the inflationary pressures are here today and will in 12-18 months really get a grip.</p>
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		<title>By: Stuart Fairney</title>
		<link>http://johnredwoodsdiary.com/2009/08/20/who-will-lend-us-a-few-billions-to-tide-us-over-this-week/#comment-21193</link>
		<dc:creator>Stuart Fairney</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2009 13:11:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.johnredwoodsdiary.com/?p=4315#comment-21193</guid>
		<description>Mr Obama will make even Mr Bush 2 seem frugal</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mr Obama will make even Mr Bush 2 seem frugal</p>
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		<title>By: Robert</title>
		<link>http://johnredwoodsdiary.com/2009/08/20/who-will-lend-us-a-few-billions-to-tide-us-over-this-week/#comment-21192</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2009 10:28:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.johnredwoodsdiary.com/?p=4315#comment-21192</guid>
		<description>Some further thoughts on the deflation bogeyman used by the establishment. For much of the last year or so , central bankers including MK, industrial leaders and politicians have been warning us about deflation. Falling prices, they tell us, will create another 1930s-style depression. The only answer is to print money furiously.
 Now it turns out the theory is a lemon. Deflation is no threat at all.
It doesn’t prevent an economy from functioning, and it doesn’t stop it from recovering either. The evidence suggests a period of sustained deflation might be what indebted economies need to get them back on the right track. The U.K. Chancellor of the Exchequer Alistair Darling said in a speech earlier this year that the Bank of England must be “prepared to act” to prevent price deflation. “We are very keen on avoiding deflationary risk,” said European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet in an interview this month. Much the same message has been pumped out around the world by economic leaders.Nor have they been slow to put their freshly minted money where their mouth is. The Bank of England has embarked on a programme of “quantitative easing,” or creating new money, to stave off the threat.The trouble is, the theory doesn’t stack up. Deflation, after all, has supposedly already arrived. In the euro region, prices fell a record 0.7 percent in July from a year earlier, after declining 0.1 percent in June, according to the European Union’s statistics office. In Germany, Europe’s largest economy, consumer prices posted their first annual drop in more than 22 years in July. Wholesale prices plunged almost 11 percent.
 So the “deflating” euro area is disappearing over an economic precipice, right? Not quite. It is leading the world out of recession. Figures released last week showed Germany and France were hauling the region out of the global decline -- both expanded 0.3 percent in the three months through June after four consecutive quarters of contraction. Not much sign of the dangers of deflation there. In reality, anyone with a sense of economic history would have been aware that the whole deflation story was well oversold. In the U.K., the House of Commons Library publishes data on prices going back to 1750. From 1814 to 1914, prices rose a bit in some years, and dropped a bit in others, so there was no real change in the price level over the century.In other words, there were plenty of deflationary years. Yet over that period, the U.K. became the greatest economic power in the world: Its relative decline only started once inflation took hold. Deflation didn’t stop the Industrial Revolution, one of the most sustained times of economic creativity ever seen. Likewise, a 2004 study by the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis looked at the data on deflation across 17 countries over 100 years. It found that although the Great Depression of the 1930s was linked with falling prices, that wasn’t true of any other historical period. There was, it said, “virtually no evidence” that deflation caused a depression. Why should it? We are constantly told that deflation is bad because it makes consumers hold off from buying things, thinking they will be cheaper tomorrow. But that is just silly.veryone knows that a computer or an iPod will be both better and cheaper in six months. And people really want one right now. Torn between those two impulses, plenty of shoppers go out and buy computers and music players. It is true in the electronics industry, and, once they get used to falling prices, it will be true for other industries as well. Deflation may be bad for particular interest groups, which happen to be very powerful. It is bad for chief executives. It is easier to keep your profits rising in a mildly inflationary environment. You can just jack up your prices a bit, and you can often cut workers’ wages by stealth by holding wages steady. The banking industry, which has come to rely on inflation to make highly leveraged loans sustainable, also dislikes deflation. Likewise, it is bad for governments, which use inflation to reduce the value of their debts. On the other hand, deflation is good news for savers, who get richer just by hanging on to their cash. And it is beneficial for consumers, who get cheaper prices. It is usually good for workers as well, as they can generally hold the value of their wages, even while prices fall. There are winners and losers, just as there are from most economic developments. The important point is that the people who lose are more powerful than the people who gain. That might explain why we hear about the dangers of deflation, and not about its advantages. It still doesn’t make them right.
    Conclusion - There is no threat from deflation. It may even be desirable if it encourages a balance between saving and consumption, and discourages governments and banks from taking on debt.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Some further thoughts on the deflation bogeyman used by the establishment. For much of the last year or so , central bankers including MK, industrial leaders and politicians have been warning us about deflation. Falling prices, they tell us, will create another 1930s-style depression. The only answer is to print money furiously.<br />
 Now it turns out the theory is a lemon. Deflation is no threat at all.<br />
It doesn’t prevent an economy from functioning, and it doesn’t stop it from recovering either. The evidence suggests a period of sustained deflation might be what indebted economies need to get them back on the right track. The U.K. Chancellor of the Exchequer Alistair Darling said in a speech earlier this year that the Bank of England must be “prepared to act” to prevent price deflation. “We are very keen on avoiding deflationary risk,” said European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet in an interview this month. Much the same message has been pumped out around the world by economic leaders.Nor have they been slow to put their freshly minted money where their mouth is. The Bank of England has embarked on a programme of “quantitative easing,” or creating new money, to stave off the threat.The trouble is, the theory doesn’t stack up. Deflation, after all, has supposedly already arrived. In the euro region, prices fell a record 0.7 percent in July from a year earlier, after declining 0.1 percent in June, according to the European Union’s statistics office. In Germany, Europe’s largest economy, consumer prices posted their first annual drop in more than 22 years in July. Wholesale prices plunged almost 11 percent.<br />
 So the “deflating” euro area is disappearing over an economic precipice, right? Not quite. It is leading the world out of recession. Figures released last week showed Germany and France were hauling the region out of the global decline &#8212; both expanded 0.3 percent in the three months through June after four consecutive quarters of contraction. Not much sign of the dangers of deflation there. In reality, anyone with a sense of economic history would have been aware that the whole deflation story was well oversold. In the U.K., the House of Commons Library publishes data on prices going back to 1750. From 1814 to 1914, prices rose a bit in some years, and dropped a bit in others, so there was no real change in the price level over the century.In other words, there were plenty of deflationary years. Yet over that period, the U.K. became the greatest economic power in the world: Its relative decline only started once inflation took hold. Deflation didn’t stop the Industrial Revolution, one of the most sustained times of economic creativity ever seen. Likewise, a 2004 study by the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis looked at the data on deflation across 17 countries over 100 years. It found that although the Great Depression of the 1930s was linked with falling prices, that wasn’t true of any other historical period. There was, it said, “virtually no evidence” that deflation caused a depression. Why should it? We are constantly told that deflation is bad because it makes consumers hold off from buying things, thinking they will be cheaper tomorrow. But that is just silly.veryone knows that a computer or an iPod will be both better and cheaper in six months. And people really want one right now. Torn between those two impulses, plenty of shoppers go out and buy computers and music players. It is true in the electronics industry, and, once they get used to falling prices, it will be true for other industries as well. Deflation may be bad for particular interest groups, which happen to be very powerful. It is bad for chief executives. It is easier to keep your profits rising in a mildly inflationary environment. You can just jack up your prices a bit, and you can often cut workers’ wages by stealth by holding wages steady. The banking industry, which has come to rely on inflation to make highly leveraged loans sustainable, also dislikes deflation. Likewise, it is bad for governments, which use inflation to reduce the value of their debts. On the other hand, deflation is good news for savers, who get richer just by hanging on to their cash. And it is beneficial for consumers, who get cheaper prices. It is usually good for workers as well, as they can generally hold the value of their wages, even while prices fall. There are winners and losers, just as there are from most economic developments. The important point is that the people who lose are more powerful than the people who gain. That might explain why we hear about the dangers of deflation, and not about its advantages. It still doesn’t make them right.<br />
    Conclusion &#8211; There is no threat from deflation. It may even be desirable if it encourages a balance between saving and consumption, and discourages governments and banks from taking on debt.</p>
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