All the time the UK remains in the EU, or remains in on current terms, our borders policy is mutually dependent on border controls elsewhere in the EU. In some senses Italy’s borders are our borders too. We need to know how to influence this policy, all the time the issue of the excessive powers the EU enjoys in the UK remains unresolved and we remain committed to Labour’s EU borders.

The recent tragic loss of life in the seas to the south of Italy have  brought a response from the Italian authorities. They are  now using more of their military force to patrol and to offer help to any vessel in difficulties. We should all respond to distress by wishing to help.

The question, however, remains how should the EU respond to the underlying  crisis?  In an ideal world people seeking entry into the EU would do so through regular legal channels. Italy would make decisions based on the facts of each case.  People seeking asylum would find a home. There are  restrictions on economic migrant numbers and qualifying requirements.  The arrival of a large number of illegals greatly complicates the situation. If Italy grants them all admission she has overturned the rules and the legal system and has effectively moved to open borders with the rest of the world. If she tries to send them all back to where they came from there will be difficulties over asylum rights and human decency.

Somehow Italy has to assert her legal controls. She needs to reward those who apply legally and meet the requirements.  She needs to set realistic rules that balance the wishes of those wanting to come with the needs and views of  Italian taxpayers and voters. Whilst offering humanitarian assistance to those whose lives are threatened, she needs to avoid sending a perverse incentive for more to risk their lives by taking to the seas in overcrowded and dangerous boats. We all have an interest in Italy finding the right balance between admissions and refusals, and getting across the message that a dangerous sea voyage with unreliable organisers and boats is not a free passage to the EU but a worry for all concerned and a bad risk for those embarking on it. 

 

 

 Both the BBC and Channel 4 have been telling us that the Tea party elected Republican Congressmen and women are behaving unreasonably  for daring to say that the Administration should reduce its spending and borrow less. The Republicans  are being lined up for the blame if there is a failure to agree a new debt ceiling and budget settlement.

    Apparently to much of the fashionable media in the UK normal now  is printing and borrowing on huge scale so the state can spend well beyond its tax revenues. They give airtime to the notion that if the Republicans insist on the Administration spending less to live closer to its means, there will  be a default on US debt and then a world financial meltdown. People in the media are lining up to take the President’s view that if this happens we should all blame the Republicans. They think the President has a duty to the USA and the world to spend more, print more and borrow more.

          Does it  never occur to these opinion pushers that the President has plenty of money coming in from  taxes to be able to pay the interest on the debt. It would be his choice to renege on the debt if the Republicans dug in and declined to raise the borrowing ceiling. The President could postpone or cancel other types of spending where he has more discretion if he has to live with less borrowing. I doubt Mr Obama is unpleasant enough or foolish enough to renege on the debt and trigger a financial collapse. It would hurt the people he is meant to be looking after if he did.

           It looks as if the President’s super spin will succeed in getting the Republicans to agree to increased borrowing. US voters blame both the Republicans and the Democrats for the impasse over their future budget, but here in the UK the media largely blame the Republicans.

            One of the ironies of the situation is that the US is doing more to rein in its borrowing by spending reductions than the UK is, but much of the UK media does not read the figures and just assume Mr Obama must be spending and borrowing more than a Conservative led Coalition, relative to the size of country. The other irony is that many of these same commentators like the EU and the Euro, so they are reluctant to come out and attack the austerity policies that characterise the weaker countries of the  Euro area, where spending and wage cuts have been draconian compared to anything in the USA or UK.  Republican or Conservative “austerity” policies are unacceptable, but much tougher Euro austerity policies are just fine.

  I see Mr Clegg has just come out with his case  to stay in the EU.  One of his four reasons  is so you can drive to Calais to buy cheap champagne. It shows just how out of touch he is if he thinks most people have champagne on their shopping list, and have the money to pop over to Calais anytime they have run out. Clearly the air in the Cabinet Office is very rarified.

         The deal he cites looks dear to me if you take into account the travel costs.   It’s also not a very green way of doing the up market shopping.  He at least has the decency to remind us his party “is unambiguously the party of In” and he thinks most Conservatives want out .  Most people do not have the price of champagne on their mind at the moment and would not put it in their top four concerns over the EU.  Unaffordable energy bills and EU migration would be nearer the top of most people’s list. Hasn’t he understood the Parliamentary rows about energy costs? Is he determined to block all efforts to have more affordable energy, as he powers on with his moral leadership of the anti Carbon dioxide brigade?  Indeed, one of his four main reasons to be in the EU is to guarantee dear energy.

 

             He repeats  the old lie we have often debunked that 3million jobs depends on it!  Does he seriously think France and Germany would want to stop trading with us, given all the jobs in their countries that depend on it? He says that because criminals cross borders we need pooled justice. Has he ever heard of extradition warrants? Can’t criminals cross the border into Switzerland or Norway as well as into France?  He says that “Many problems like climate change can only be tackled if we work together” – Why doesn’t he try working on that with the US and China, the world’s two largest emitters? And his fourth main reason is so he can buy cheap champagne at Euro 12 in Calais!  I looked up champagne at local  supermarkets in England and found some for £12.49 – that I think works out considerably cheaper than travelling to Calais to buy it at 12 Euros, the price Mr Clegg recommends!

    As Mr Leeuwen has rightly reminded us, like it or not, we are in the EU. As members we form part of the electorate for the European Parliament. Our UK Ministers participate in the Council of Ministers meetings. The Council of Ministers and the Parliament between them make the decisions on new laws and are meant to guide and watch over the official government, the unelected Commission.

          The pro European minority in the UK who regularly say they need to make the case for our membership usually just threaten us with the view that if we left we would lose our trade with the EU. They see the main point of our membership as  being to buy and sell things with the rest of the EU. Most people who have  not so far regarded the EU as the main issue to settle when they vote seem to take this view. They find many of the laws and decisions of the EU they know about  as annoying or silly. They have little idea of just how much power and influence the EU now has. They go along with it because they want to keep the trade and fear a loss of jobs if we left. The usual phrase older  people use is “I voted to belong to a common market. That’s what I want”. Younger people rub along with the EU, as they have been told it is important for jobs and prosperity.

       If you ask people what they want the EU to do, by a large majority they will say “Less”. They want it to spend less of our money, take less of our tax revenue. They want it to pass fewer laws. Indeed they now want it to repeal many laws it has needlessly or vexatiously passed so far.  They want a trade arrangement, but they do not want the overarching government Mr Leeuwen points out we now suffer under.

         The minority of pro Europeans do not dare advance the case for a European government. They usually deny such exists. If they ever venture beyond the trade argument, it would be to praise the EU for pursuing a green agenda which is rapidly becoming toxic politics as people work out that just means uncompetitively expensive energy for our homes and factories.

          Occasionally they try to tell us the EU offers us peace!  That is the ultimate absurdity, looking at the last 60 years when the USA has kept the peace in Europe through NATO, standing up to the communist tyranny and ultimately forcing it to accept it had lost the arms race and the economic race without a shot being fired. I do not recall the EU helping us win the battle of ideas against militant and militaristic Marxism from the USSR. Once again that was left to the Eurosceptics and the Americans, groups the pro Europeans seem to despise.

           All the time we remain in the EU I want it to cut its spending, reduce  its laws and its interference in our daily lives. I want it to have a big repeal of many of the laws we either do not need or can make for ourselves. I want it to stop spending money on just about everything. It is better to spend our own tax money as we see fit. I do not want a European criminal justice system, a European army, a European foreign policy or a European migration policy. That Mr Leeuwen is why many of the UK voters are irreconcilable to the current EU. That is why we do not regard it as our government. It does the opposite of what we want, and seeks to wind us up at every available opportunity. We feel locked into a mechanism we did not seek, did not approve and which never does things for us.

 

          I believe in  freedom of the press. If the press  needs regulation on top of the criminal law which already applies to newspapers and journalists it should be self regulation, not regulation under any kind of political control.  In order to have a system of self regulation, the  press needs to buy into it and operate it. Politicians should not force a system onto the press that they are unwilling to operate.

          If there are bad practices which the country wishes to prevent, Parliament can legislate to make them illegal. The worst abuses by some in the press in recent  years were against the law. Phone hacking is against the law. There is no need to set up expensive and controversial regulation to tackle people wh0 break the law. They should be charged in a court of law.

           Other occupations which have fallen under politician inspired “independent regulation” are often the worse for it. After years of extensive increase in financial regulation, switching it from self regulation to Statute based regulation, we had the worst banking crash and set of scandals in living memory. That was no great advert for Statute backed regulation.

 

              I want cheap energy. I have tried various proposals to bring this about, all to little avail so far.

              The Chancellor and Prime Minister now want cheaper energy. It is good to have powerful allies. So why can’t they just fix it?

              The reason is simple. All the time we are in the EU and bound by its laws, there is strong pressure for dear energy. We are under several legal requirements which necessitate dear energy.

               The UK has been forced to close a number of coal and oil fuelled power stations which provided relatively cheap electricity, to comply with an EU emissions directive. I have urged the government to seek a temporary exemption whilst we sort out new ways of generating affordable power, but Mr Davey the Energy Secretary has not done so. There is no guarantee we would get such a derogation, but surely it would be worth a try? If we could demonstrate without these older stations we might run out of power we could  just ignore the Directive on grounds of security of supply and overriding national interest if they refused to see sense.

               The UK signed up under Labour to an extremely expensive renewables obligation. The UK is having to expand its output of renewable power massively. This is expensive power to provide. The more we rely on it, the higher our bills go. Much of it is interruptible, so we also have the extra cost of back up power sources for when the wind does not blow or the sun is not strong enough.

               The UK also signed up to carbon reducing requirements which reinforce the move to dearer energy.

               Labour signed up to these laws under Mr Miliband as Energy Secretary. He told us at the time that it would mean dearer energy, but he thought that a price worth paying to have a pioneering carbon reduction policy. Now he says he wants energy prices frozen, regardless of the rising costs of renewable energy as the proportion of it increases, and regardless of the costs of gas or oil on the market. Under pressure has had to agree his freeze policy could not work if world energy prices took off during the freeze.

           Nor can they work on the figures. The typical profit margin of a large energy company in the UK is 4%. If all companies worked for no profit at all – not something that of course can work – they would still need price rises now to hit breakeven, given what’s happened to costs.  Mr Miliband is trying to offer people something for nothing. He is seeking  to spend far more than the current profits of the energy companies. He needs to grasp that if investors think the relatively low margins of the majors are going to be slashed, there is not much point in investing in UK energy. Who will then build or the new and replacement capacity we need?

              So what should we do? The UK government should go to Brussels and explain we need to have a dash for gas and other cheaper energy. The UK will do this regardless. We would be happy to contribute to a revision of EU law to make it legal and to help other EU countries also damaged by dear energy.  If not, the UK will simply have to take action on its own. It would be part of our renegotiation.  Our country needs cheaper energy. It is an overriding national interest. I see from the remarks of the Industry Commissioner in Brussels there are some in our EU government who understand just how much damage the EU’s energy policy is now doing. It is pushing much industry and business out of the EU to places where energy is cheaper.

 

The Economist has supplied a graph which shows how far and fast house prices have risen in a range of countries.

Taking 1980 as the base with an Index of 100  (so there is available data for all  these countries) produces the following list of price rises: (approx Index level in each case judged from the graph)

South Africa   3590

Hong Kong     1450

New Zealand    1370

Spain  1180

Australia    1050

Singapore   1020

Italy 770

Uk 740

Ireland 580

US 360

Countries like Germany and Switzerland in the EU have seen smaller rises. In the EU  Ireland and Spain have shown the greatest overall rises in the boom. Both have experienced sharp falls  in recent years. Both have fallen victim to the destructive boom/bust cycle the Euro has imposed on them. Spain peaked at nearly 1700 before falling by 30%. Ireland peaked at 1151 before halving to 570. The UK was wise to stay out of this problem.

Outside the EU several Asian success story economies have experienced rapid house price rises. Hong Kong and Singapore have been particularly strong.  So too have Australia and New Zealand.

Judging by these international comparisons the UK experience has been in the middle of the pack. UK house prices experienced falls in 1990-92 when the UK was locked into the boom/bust cycle caused by membership of the Exchange Rate Mechanism and exit from it. The UK also experienced sharp falls in 2008-9 when again it experienced a violent boom/bust cycle thanks to misjudged fiscal and monetary policies.

There is no evidence from international comparisons that the UK is currently in an unsustainable house price boom, nor from the domestic market in most locations. It is true that in  central London in expensive areas there is substantial buying from abroad, usually for cash, which has been bidding up  prices strongly for some years. The competitive jurisdictions like Hong Kong and  Singapore have experienced something similar. To judge whether Central London is expensive for foreign buyers you need to compare high London prices with high prices in Hong Kong, New York, Sydney etc.

The government has this week published its details of the Housing deposit guarantee scheme. All those who have written in to condemn subsidies to the house buying market will be pleased to know that the scheme charges the lending institution a fee for the guarantee priced to avoid any state subsidy – which would be illegal under EU state aid rules anyway. This fee can and will be adjusted in future in the light of the actual bad debt rate experienced. I would not support a housing subsidy scheme where taxpayers were paying part of the bill for someone buying a property at up to £600,000.

 

 

         Inland Revenue figures confirm what this site has been saying for some years. To collect  tax from  the rich you need to set a competitive tax rate. That helps you offer  Income tax cuts to everyone else.

         In the last year of Labour when the rate of Income tax for the rich was 40% the top 1% of earners earned 13.9% of all the income in the country. They paid 26.5% of the total Income Tax.

        The advent of the 50% tax rate led to a predictable decline in the numbers of rich staying and paying, and to lower incomes. Their share of total income fell to under 12%. Self assessment tax receipts fell.  With the reduction of the top tax rate  to 45% the top 1% have got back up to near their 2009-10 position, earning 13.7% of total income and now contributing a record 29.8% of the total income  tax. (HMRC estimated  figures for 2013-14) Both the amount paid and the proportion of total tax  would doubtless be higher if the top rate was back to Labour’s 40% rate.

 

The UK has two governments for the price of three. Ministers are busier these days, because so much of what they do entails checking the EU government will let them do what they wish, or requires endless negotiation of new laws and requirements with their European partners.

I was asked yesterday to explain how Uk Ministers interact with the EU government. Ministers  have to attend Council of Ministers meetings to discuss EU policy and the introduction of new EU laws with fellow Ministers from the other member states. Each new EU proposal for a law is drafted and introduced by the Commission, the permament government of the EU. The Commission needs the approval of both the  Council of Ministers and the the European Parliament to introduce a new law, but has extensive powers to administer and enforce the large corpus of established EU law. Most EU laws are passed by qualified majority in the Council of Ministers, which means if the UK wishes to block a proposal it needs to find a number of like minded states to vote against.

A UK Minister faced with a new proposal for a law is wise to bring it to the UK Parliament. Parliament can debate it and offer advice to the Minister on what the UK’s negotiating position should be.  Parliament’s best chance to influence and scrutinise occurs before the law is passed by the EU. Once passed by the EU the UK Parliament has no option but to co-operate in the law’s introduction into the UK, short of seeking exit or renegotiation of our relationship with the EU.

Most major  EU laws pass in the form of Directives. These are instructions to national governments to pass into their national laws a new law meeting at least the minimum requirements laid down in the EU Directive. The UK Parliament has a role to supervise the Minister’s translation of the Directive into UK law. The Parliament can, for example, seek to limit gold plating, requiring the Minister to do the minimum necessary for compliance. Alternatively Parliament can ask the Minister to go further than the Directive where this is permitted. The EU also puts through Regulations, which are directly acting and do not need UK Parliamentary approval in the way a Directive does.

Usually a Directive is transposed into UK law as a Statutory Instrument. This limits Parliament’s ability to debate and prevents amendment. Parliament votes on a take it or leave it basis, under the pressure of knowing that the UK has no option but to introduce the law as required. Parliament could vote the Statutory Instrument down, demanding a rewrite, but this does not usually happen. The only way Parliament could refuse to implement the Directive would be by means of amending the European Communities Act 1972, which would presumably be part of exit from the EU or part of a renegotiation of our relationship.

Ministers also face officials advising them that things they wish to do in the UK in the normal course of government business might be illegal under EU law. Such advice is a matter of opinion, seeking to second guess the possible legal actions of the EU. It encourages a caution in  the governing system which some will like and others will find frustrating, as the easiest thing to advise is to do nothing for fear of EU displeasure. Ministers rightly have to live under the law in the UK as well, but here Ministers have the power to amend the law for the future if the courts interpret it in ways that do not seem sensible from government and  Parliament’s viewpoint. If the UK government falls foul of a perverse interpretation of EU law Ministers have no similar power to change the law for the future so they can carry out their legitimate business.

The EU has made huge changes to our constitution. One of the biggest is Parliament now regularly binds its successors,by rubber stamping EU law which a future UK Parliament cannot repeal. Another major change is Ministers are now not only beneath the law, but in the case of European law cannot change the law for the future when it gets in the way of good UK government (Unless the Commission, the European Parliament and other member states agree)

 

               The Prime MInister has rightly been tackling the EU Commission over the excessive zeal for new regulations. He is putting deregulation back on the agenda.

                 The new Transport Minister Mr Goodwill needs the PM’s help. His very first Transport Council tomorrow has on the agenda a new regulation on compensation and assistance to air passengers, as well as a new approach to joint air traffic management. It will also discuss a new Directive on railway safety.

                  Meanwhile, back at home we heard yesterday of the government and opposition combined plans to regulate the press, and listened to Ministers make a case for regulation of lobbyists through new UK law.

 

What should we expect of Ministers? What are they meant to do and what do they do?  Today I wish to set out a little more detail on a typical Ministerial job description, trying to explain why we have 3 different levels of Minister.  It should be born in mind that most Ministers are also MPs who still have to do most of  their MP duties, so being a Minister is a demanding and time consuming second job. Their Parliamentary activities  can be  more time consuming than a typical backbenchers, but are all related to their Ministerial job and are timetabled for them.

Parliamentary Under Secretary of State  (PUSS)

A PUSS or junior Minister is often the Ministerial assistant to a senior Minister of State with a large command, or for the Secretary of State in a smaller department.

Duties include:

 

Parliament –  Adjournment Debates answering one MP or a few MPs with specific cases or detailed queries on policy and the conduct of the department.

Handling many of the Committee stages of Bills and maybe some of the  Report stage on the floor of the House

Case work for the department, dealing with many routine cases that need Ministerial oversight – explaining the department’s policy to others, handling complaints, adjudicating some conflicts

Advising the Minister of State on policy and matters relating to the Department based on case work/ meetings/ contacts

Working with officials to ensure smooth running of the interface of government with MPs, the public and interest groups.

Ministerial visits to see the operations of the Department and issues/ people on the ground

Briefing and appearing in  some technical and specialist press and regional media explaining departmental policy

Handling consultations and other meetings with lobbyists/Councils/MPs and reporting to the Minister of State

Handling some specialist Parliamentary Questions in his or her area.

Some of the senior PUSS ranked jobs like Economic Secretary to the Treasury have their own courtesy titles and some delegated responsiblities.

Minister of State

May have a courtesy title (Minister of Housing/Minister of Health/Minister of Local Government) for his or her quite large command

Responsible under the Secretary of State for the day to day running of the command. Influential in detailed policy development. May have substantial delegated authority under the Secretary of State to make decisions.

Chairs departmental meetings of officials and with outside interests to progress the work of the department.

Takes responsibility for all stages of many Bills and may make the speeches on 2nd and 3rd Reading. Will probably do the most difficult clauses in Committee/on report to relieve the PUSS.

Answers Parliamentary questions on his or her area of interest.

Makes Ministerial visits, handles substantial media on his or her  specialist subject.

Reviews difficult cases, adjudicates disputes within the department and between the department and others. May belong to junior Cabinet committees for agreeing cross departmental policy and approaches.

May act as the representative or envoy of the Secretary of State to sort out a given problem.

 

Secretary of State

Ultimately responsible for everything that goes on in the Department he or she leads, save for those financial, personnel and regularity issues which are the responsibility of the Permanent Secretary, the top official running the department.

May leave all the Parliamentary work on new laws to his junior Ministers, but would be expected to make big speeches on 2nd reading of major contentious  Bills and handle any really sensitive and hig profile  issue that takes place on the floor of the Commons.

May leave most casework to Juniors, but would be asked to decide in big cases involving high political risk or high  risk to the department.

Has to attend Cabinet and Cabinet committees, represent the department to the rest of the government and help form general government policy.

Handles the major  interviews and media enquiries, particularly where the interview is national and likely to wander into general government policy.

Has his or her own pattern of visits.

Chairs important working meetings of officials, junior Ministers and outside interests.

May chair a daily or weekly departmental meeting of Ministers with or without senior officials to provide a general sense of direction and oversight.

Can help the Permanent Secretary run the department and can  control its policy (subject to the EU, official views, legal position etc), or may work collaboratively with senior Ministers of State who do more of this for the S of S. May delegate much of implementation  and day to day running to officials, or may take a personal interest in administration and implementation.