John Redwood's Diary
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Bonds soar and shares rally

I trust the news headlines will blaze the good news from the markets. Since the Brexit vote UK government bonds have shot up to record high. The government which had to pay 1.37% on the eve of the Brexit vote to borrow for ten years now only has to pay 0.98% for ten years. That’s a record low.

Meanwhile the FTSE 100 main shares ended last week up a little, and today rose another 2.6%.  Let’s hear that instead of all the gloom. There is life after Brexit. We need to be confident about our prospects.

A brighter future for the UK

Yesterday  morning the Chancellor added his voice to the Governor of the Bank of England to reassure markets. It was important  to hear him say that there is no need for panic in financial markets. The Bank is making plenty of liquidity available to banks and the markets should it be needed. He also confirmed that there will be no emergency budget. I have always argued that such a tax raising and spending cuts  budget is undesirable and needless. I always knew it would not pass the Commons. I would have been one of many who would vote it down. What we need is a budget to promote expansion and prosperity, spending the saved contributions as soon as we are out.

The international reaction to the UK’s declaration of independence has seen shock give place to acceptance and in some cases admiration from outside the EU. I  expect various countries to come forward soon and to ask to enter negotiations with the UK for trade agreements, now we will be free to do so for ourselves. The government needs to set up and staff a Trade Negotiation unit and get on with it.

The business reaction to Brexit is also on the move. Many companies who did not want a Brexit vote are now saying they can do business in and from an independent UK, just as they do today from the UK as  a member of the EU. The new lower level of the pound will make the sums for investors better, as products made in the UK will be more attractively priced and more profitable at these sterling levels. Sterling may not stay down at its new level against the dollar indefinitely, but all the time it does UK competitiveness is much enhanced.

The fishing industry is happy, planning how a new UK based system of quotas and regulations could help us rebuild both our fishing industry and our fishing grounds. Farmers are coming to realise that freed of the EU they can help the UK government design a rural and farming policy suited to our needs. I have found some of the hostility and reserve about Brexit in the City is changing. City professionals recognise that Brexit brings opportunities. Many of the sensible ones  now want to help the government negotiate a good outcome on services.

I want to see the government inject some pace and purpose into the exit process. The next few days will see Conservative  MPs engaging with Leadership candidates wanting to be Prime Minister. My lead questions will be How quickly do you want to get the UK out? What route will you use to secure our objectives, clearly laid out in the winning Leave campaign?   Many of the answers have already been published on this site.

Have nots and have yachts

Much of the commentary about the EU referendum has been designed to maximise antagonisms in our society. We are told that the young, the better off and the better educated voted to remain, whilst the opposite of the above voted to leave. This is an unhelpful caricature of the voting patterns.  This was  no simple case of the have nots defeating the have yachts.

On the Leave side were a number of rich and very successful entrepreneurs, and a number of important businesses. Business was split, though it is true more of the large companies run by the international executive class were for remain.  Whilst it is also true that university cities like Cambridge,  Oxford and central London were more for Remain, there were other university centres that were for Leave.  More graduates overall may have been for Remain, but there were plenty of well educated and thoughtful people voting for Leave. One of the features of the campaign was just how many long, detailed and academic papers I received from all over the country from people in business, in academic life and outside arguing for the Leave case.  No campaign could win with just Have nots, and get 52% of the vote.

Nor was it a simple case of the economic argument against the immigration argument as various spin doctors and pundits kept telling us. It was true that the large Remain vote contained many people with genuine worries about what might happen next. They had fears about interruptions or damage to laws, spending programmes, jobs and economic activity. Few of the Remain advocates wanted full membership of the EU, as they did not wish to join the Euro, the common borders and the common army.

It is now vital that all work together to ensure the minimum of damage and the maximum of improvement and potential from the changes the nation wants to make. The government should reassure markets, companies and others that sensible arrangements will be put in place so our prosperity is not reduced and the prospects of those on low incomes or out of work are improved. Most Brexit advocates have no wish to scrap good employment laws, no ambition to  stop funding universities and farmers, no plans to impose barriers on our trade. All EU citizens here are welcome to stay for as long as they wish.

It was not true that most Leave voters just wanted to control immigration. Yes, the idea of a points based system of migration control which would allow lower overall numbers was popular with many. Vote Leave did not put any numbers on what the new system can achieve or make promises on numbers, as that will be for the government to determine and to put to Parliament once we are free to have our own policy. The government itself has put numbers on what it wants to do, but has been unable to achieve it with current policies.

Most Leave voters I spoke to were principally concerned about taking back control. They liked the central slogan of Vote Leave. The understood that when the UK is again a self governing country it will not be all powerful, and will still have its problems. The difference will be that the electorate can lobby known individuals in Parliament for change, or can change the Parliament if it fails to do their bidding.

Wanting to preserve our current arrangements with the EU, including opt outs, was popular with some on low incomes as well as with the rich, some well educated and some unqualified. Wanting to go forward as a self governing country was also popular with many and varied people. It is now time to concentrate on what binds us as a nation. The new language of class hatred on either side is not helpful. Remain leaders should not scorn those who voted against them. You do not need a degree to cast a sensible vote. Leave  should not attack people for being successful who happen to disagree with Brexit.

Getting on with Brexit

Parliament needs to work sensibly to implement the wishes of the UK electorate. We cannot put everything on hold until Mr Cameron has gone and his replacement is in post.

Remain voters are understandably apprehensive and wish to see everything done to minimise disruption and to reassure markets, companies and investors. So do I wish to see that.

The main items which Leave voters wanted can be summarised as

  1. UK control over new law making and over our courts
  2. Cancellation of our EU contributions, with more spending on the NHS and repeal of VAT on fuel out of the cancelled contributions we do not get back
  3. A new fair system of immigration control, delivering lower overall numbers
  4. Replacement of lost EU spending by UK spending paid for out of saved contributions we do get back
  5. Maintenance of trade, tourism and other regular contacts through negotiation of the best deal for future relations

 

Next week Parliament will need to push the government to provide more information upon how these objectives can be secured. Many are within UK power regardless of the  views of our partners. It is a UK government matter to prepare legislation to repeal VAT and to  change the migration system. It is within the power of the Treasury to spend more on UK priorities and on replacing lost EU grants.

There are issues over future trade and investment arrangements which require  both sides to agree any changes. The UK has no proposals for changes to current trade and business arrangements. We need to discuss with the others what if any they would like us to accept.  Starting these talks does not require a new PM, merely a committed negotiating team which the current PM could appoint.

There is a legal issue over our right to break EU law on VAT and stopping contributions. Some say we can only do that if we submit to the process of the Treaties under Article 50. Others say we can do that by amending the 1972 European Communities Act ourselves. After all the UK voters voted to reject the Treaties and to re establish UK control. That is the debate we need to have at an early opportunity in parliament. Draft legislation is already prepared to take back control, but it will need government support to carry. The legislation includes transferring into UK law all current EU laws. the UK  should not seek to  vary trade and business laws and arrangements without agreement and should uphold them until both sides agree any changes. This will also reassure those who want the full range of EU employment rights to remain as good UK law.

Pound stays higher against the Euro than lows in 2013-14 and well above old all time low

All post vote attention has been focused on the fall in the pound against the dollar rather than the surge in UK government bond prices or the good performance of the FTSE 100 since February. It is true that the pound hit a  ten year low against the dollar of $1.36 on Friday, compared to $1.38 in January 2009 (when we were firmly in the EU). Over the years we have been in the EU the pound has been up and down against the dollar in a very wide range of $1 to $2.  Much of the recent slide of the pound against the dollar has been part of a general strengthening of the dollar and a weakening of the Euro, yen and pound as well. The more immediate moves can be put down to market responses to the vote.

The pound against the Euro gives us a different picture, and arguably a more relevant one on Brexit. The big plunge in the pound occurred during the banking crash. The pound fell from a high of Euro 1.51 in January 2007, to just Euro 1.03 in December 2008, a fall of one third. From Euro 1.14 in July 2013 the pound rose to Euro 1.43 in July 2015, before gently declining as the Euro started to strengthen more broadly. On 23 June before the referendum result the pound stood at Euro 1.31. Yesterday it closed at Euro 1.23, still almost 20% above its previous low.

A modestly lower pound will be welcomed by many exporters. I will keep people posted next week to see how it settles down.

Playing FTSE with Brexit

Some in the media have led people to believe there was a collapse of the Stock market on news of Brexit. It is true dealers greatly widened prices for a bit before things settled down, with some silly low prices at the opening.

So what has in fact happened,  now there has been a trading day to digest the news?

The FTSE 100 index hit a low of 5909 in September of last year, rallied, and hit another low of 5536 in February. This was all before the intense Brexit campaign and news coverage of Brexit. These movements were also in line with other major world markets, that also sank in the first weeks of 2016.

This week, the week of most intense news and market focus on Brexit, the market ran upwards, reaching 6138 on Wednesday. It closed at exactly the same level, 6138 on Friday. It is true that on Thursday it spiked upwards to 6334 when markets expected a Remain win, and fell back to the Wednesday level on Friday when Leave won.

The surprising things about the FTSE given the alleged mood are that 1. It has risen a lot over the referendum period  2. Its correction on Friday was modest.

UK cost of borrowing falls on Brexit vote

Yesterday in the markets UK government prices surged, with an overall rise of nearly 5%. This was despite the fact that they had already risen considerably this year ahead of the Brexit vote.

The UK government can now borrow at just 1.08% for ten years, and for under 2% for 30 years, the lowest rates in living memory.

A rating Agency has meanwhile put our debt on watch for a possible downgrade, despite this strong wish all year by the markets to value our debt more highly.

Far from the UK facing a crisis in borrowing for state purposes, or having to pay higher rates as some feared, the rates have tumbled further. As a sovereign country the UK state has full powers to raise tax and to create money to honour all debts.

When Moodys downgraded UK state debt from AAA to AA1 in 2013, the last actual downgrade, they said

“The UK’s creditworthiness remains extremely high because of the country’s significant credit strengths.” They then drew attention to European risks, highlighting “the considerable risk exposure through trade and financial linkages to a potential escalation in the Euro area sovereign debt crisis”.

 

Yesterday Moodys rightly stated that out of the EU the UK needs to “largely replicate” its current access to the single market. That is exactly the aim of UK policy, with many on the continent also wanting largely the same access to the UK market after exit.

So we will have friends after all

I was pleased to see that President Obama does wish to have a strong relationship between the USA and an independent Britain. I was not surprised to read that Mrs Merkel wants to protect the trade and friendship between Germany and The UK. Nor did it come as a shock to hear from various big businesses that they can manage the change of Brexit and see opportunities in the new landscape.

Brexit supporters need to be magnanimous in victory. We should welcome the overtures of overseas countries and companies. I always thought the world’s fifth largest economy and member of the Security Council would still be worth a visit and be part of the normal diplomatic exchanges amongst the leaders of the world. We need to make early moves to regain our seats, votes and voices on major international bodies, which will mean more countries wanting to discuss matters with us, more ambassadors seeking UK support for their causes in world bodies.

The financial markets are still behaving in a strange way. The early mark downs on the first day after the vote were often extreme, with little evidence of much volume taking place at some of the sillier prices. Investors need to think through what if anything so far has changed in the UK economic outlook? The main overseas investors are committed to their current factories and commercial premises, like their work forces and want easy local access to our market. None of this alters thanks to Brexit.

There are always some companies that think they have found a better place to go for their next investment. In the EU a number have been bid or tempted away. There will also be others that now think about coming here, given the recent downwards movement in the value of the pound making us more competitive.

Those who wanted us to stay can be reminded that we are leaving the EU, not leaving Europe. There will still be plenty of student exchanges, cultural events, sporting contests, trade, investment and research collaboration. It will also be easier to be friends with our neighbours if we are not under constant pressure to  agree our laws and taxes with 27 other countries.

 

There needs to be a smooth transition to Brexit

The Government needs to move on from Project fear to reassure and help bind the  country back together. There are believers in the EU project who are very unhappy tonight.  There are market speculators and market makers who are fanning the idea that there will be abnormal price movements as a result of this momentous  decision.

The Bank of England has made liquidity available. Bond interest rates are low and down. There is no Brexit related cause of major downward revision of earnings or output from companies, as nothing has yet changed economically. As the government pointed out today trade continues today as yesteday.

After a great democratic decision we can all help our society by respecting each other’s views, and ensuring legitimate worries are dealt with. It is also important to avoid exaggeration or talking ourselves into problems which do not exist otherwise.

Congratulations UK

Well done all of you who helped bring about this great victory for democracy.

Now Parliament and government has to turn to the task of reassuring people and markets. I will write this afternoon about what needs to be done to implement the promises made by the Vote Leave campaign and to smooth the transition for businesses and  investors.